This FAO publication focuses on climate change mitigation financing for smallholders. The Organization, however, fully recognizes that adaptation may be the imperative and priority over the short and medium term for many smallholders in circumstances where climate change may adversely impact their efforts to overcome poverty and food insecurity. In many cases, most countries will need to deal with both adaptation and mitigation.

The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) has released a working paper titled "Agricultural Monitoring and Evaluation Systems: What can we learn for the MRV of agricultural NAMAs?"  The paper describes an existing monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system for a large scale grass cultivation programme in China and explores attributes of the MRV system that are consistent wit