Water is most vital input in agriculture and has made a significant contribution in providing stability to food grain production and self-sufficiency. This resource can be optimally used only when quantity of water is assessed at micro level.

Based on the traditional wisdom of the tree based farming systems followed since ages across the world, scientific community intervened to harness full benefits of agroforestry land use system and address global issues of land degradation and agricultural sustainability.

A field experiment was conducted on rice seed production in rice-wheat cropping system to find out the effect of application of biofertilizers and urea on the grain yield and quality attributes of rice varieties at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India during 2 wet seasons of 2006-08.

On-farm farming system studies were undertaken in farmer's field at Banshipatna village under North Eastern Coastal Plain Zone of Orissa during 2004-05 to generate adequate income and employment opportunities round the year involving enterprises like field and horticultural crops, fishery, dairy and agro-forestry.

In foothills of Shiwaliks due to presence of torrents, soil erosion is very serious problem. The flow acquires accelerated velocity at it travels down the slope and consequently becomes highly erosive in nature. Study aea of Baroi Khad (rainy season torrents) lies at Akhnoor Tehsil of Jammu district in Jammu and Kashmir state.

The only hope of feeding India's future population of 1500 million lies in the sea food and horticulture. National Commission for Farms and Farmers under chairmanship of Prof. M. S. Swaminathan says that Indian farming has become profitless. The best way to make it profitable is through adding processing industry to agriculture, including horticulture, within natural units of watersheds.

Soil and water are the two important natural resources, which are the backbone of the Indian agriculture. The prime cause for the backwardness of the farmers is reduction in soil fertility and productivity, due to massive soil erosion. Most of the farmers are depending mainly on renewable natural resources for their livelihoods. The inhabitants of the foothill region of Northwest Himalayas have degraded lands, fragmented and small land holdings and are generally resource poor.

Soil fertility status of hilly microwater watershed in Shivalik hills, was assessed in relation to three locality factors, viz. altitude, slope and aspect. It was found that at higher altitude (440-450 m) of watershed, the soil fertility parameters were less and more in lower altitude (420-430m).

A pilot study was conducted to analyze the potential site suitability for constructing the groundwater recharge structures in Manesar Nala watershed, Gurgaon, Haryana using space technology integrated Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS).

Out of the total geographical area of India about 53% suffers from different kinds of land degradation, and Uttar Pradesh accounts for 9.06%. About 4.0 m ha (11.03%) area of the country is suffering from ravine problem. U.P. shares 1.230 m ha (31%) ravine land of the country spread over in 25 districts of the state.