Indonesia's progress in reforming its forestry sector will not be sufficient to meet its pledge to reduce carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2020, Norway's environment minister said on Tuesday.

Indonesia imposed a two-year moratorium on clearing forest last May under a $1 billion climate deal with Norway aimed at reducing emissions from deforestation, despite resistance from some government departments and from resource firms looking to expand in the archipelago.

Indonesia's government said on Monday it would protect a strip of peatland in Aceh province at the centre of an international storm over palm oil development, in a case that had become a test of the country's commitment to halt deforestation.

Indonesia imposed a two-year moratorium on clearing forest last May under a $1 billion climate deal with Norway aimed at reducing emissions from deforestation, but the former governor of the country's westernmost Aceh province breached the ban by issuing a permit to a palm oil firm to develop the peatland.

Environment Protection Department (EPD) Punjab issued notices to 110 polluter industrial units on Friday.

EPD sources said that six squads were constituted last week in view of increasing cases of environmental pollution which was causing health hazards.

The sources said industries were issued an environmental approval with certain conditions to enure that there was no negative impact on the environment and National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were followed strictly.

New Delhi With no political consensus as yet to allow the foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail, India needs to undertake structural reforms urgently to curb food inflation that surged to a 15-month high of 10.49% in April on dearer vegetables and protein-based products.

Economists said these reforms should focus on four fundamental aspects: raising productivity, curbing wastages, better distribution and delivery system, and ensuring fair returns to producers to keep them engaged in the farm sector.

This study presents various vegetable oils from edible and non-edible sources for preparation of biodiesel using KOH as catalyst and methanol as alcohol. Maximum biodiesel yield from all vegetable oils was obtained under following optimum conditions: reaction temp., 70°C; reaction time, 1 h; catalyst amount, 1% (by oil wt); and methanol to oil molar ratio, 6:1. Characteristics of biodiesel at optimum conditions were as per ASTM standards.

A large body of work has tried to attribute the remarkable growth of Chinese agriculture between 1979 and 1984 to the dismantling of collectives. This paper critically reviews the evidence and finds that decollectivisation did not contribute to agricultural growth in the early 1980s. In particular, its response to Lin (1992) challenges the consensus and argues that decollectivisation was largely irrelevant to the exceptional growth in this period. It is held that a more intensive application of modern inputs and favourable weather conditions accounted for most of the spurt in growth.

The carrying capacity of Indian agriculture to support oilseeds production to meet the vegetable oil needs of the Indian population has been considered in the context of available sources of oil from oilseed and nonoilseed origins. India needs to produce 17.84 Mt of vegetable oils to meet the nutritional fat needs of projected population of 1685 million by 2050. This can be easily achieved from various sources like annual oilseeds and also from supplementary sources of oil like rice bran, cottonseed, coconut, oil palm, corn, etc.

The NSS consumer expenditure survey (CES) aims at generating estimates of average household monthly per capita consumer expenditure (MPCE), its distribution over households and persons, and its break-up by commodity group, at national and State/UT level, and for different socio-economic groups. These indicators are amongst the most important measures of the level of living of the respective domains of the population, and are used extensively for the study of poverty and inequality.

BEIJING: Chinese authorities have promised death penalty for those involved in the "gutter oil" scam involving unhygienic recycling of edible oil used in restaurants. "Courts must give full consideration to suspects' subjective malignance, the amount of money involved and the harm done to public and the market when ruling in gutter oil cases. For those deserving death, death penalties must be resolutely given," an official notice said.

This new report contains valuable data on consumption levels and pattern of households in Delhi. It also provides information on the main demographic features like literacy, social-group, marital status, occupational distribution, and other aspects of living conditions like, source of energy for cooking/lighting, dwelling ownership type, etc.

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