Using over 1.6 million profiles of salinity, potential temperature, and neutral density from historical archives and the international Argo Program, this study develops the three-dimensional field of multidecadal linear change for ocean-state properties. The period of analysis extends from 1950 to 2008, taking care to minimize the aliasing associated with the seasonal and major global El Niño–Southern Oscillation modes. Large, robust, and spatially coherent multidecadal linear trends in salinity to 2000-dbar depth are found.

South Asian emissions of fossil fuel SO2 and black carbon increased

Clouds and aerosol particles have bedevilled climate modellers for decades. Now researchers are starting to gain the upper hand.

Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere. These human-made aerosols enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation. They also produce brighter clouds that are less efficient at releasing precipitation. These in turn lead to large reductions in the amount of solar irradiance reaching Earth's surface, a corresponding increase in solar heating of the atmosphere, changes in the atmospheric temperature structure, suppression of rainfall, and less efficient removal of pollutants.

Today, we have made history. We're a major missile power: V.K. Saraswat

India on Thursday propelled itself into an elite club of nations with Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) technology by successfully test-firing nuclear-capable Agni-V, which covered a range of more than 5,000 km.

India successfully test-fired on Thursday a nuclear-capable missile that can reach Beijing and Eastern Europe, thrusting the emerging Asian power into a small club of nations that can deploy nuclear weapons at such a great distance.

Footage showed the rocket with a range of more than 5,000 km (3,100 miles) blasting through clouds from an island off India's east coast. It was not immediately clear how far the rocket flew before reaching its target in the Indian Ocean.

The defence minister said the test was "immaculate".

Five people were killed and four injured in Aceh province on Wednesday after two massive quakes struck off Indonesia, officials said on Thursday.

"Five people were killed, one in Banda Aceh, three in Aceh Besar and one in Lhoksemawe," Wahyudi, an official of disaster management and mitigation agency in Aceh province, told by phone.

Five people were killed and a child was critically injured when a powerful earthquake struck off the coast of northern Indonesia on Wednesday, the country's disaster mitigation agency said on Thursday.

At least two people died because of heart attacks, one died because of shock and a child was critically injured when a tree fell, said Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, a spokesman for the agency, who gave no further details.

"Casualties and other damage are still being assessed," he said in a message sent to reporters by text.

Two large earthquakes struck western Mexico, shaking buildings as far away as the capital and sending people rushing out of offices onto the streets, the U.S. Geological Survey said.

There were no reports of major damage after the first of the two tremors.

The USGS said the first quake on Wednesday evening in the western state of Michoacan had a magnitude of 6.5 -- and was recorded at a depth of 12.4 miles.

The second quake, in the early hours of Thursday off Baja California, was stronger at a magnitude of 6.9 and shallower at a depth of 6.2 miles.

Tremors were felt along India’s entire eastern coast after a powerful 8.6 magnitude earthquake and a series of strong aftershocks struck off the northern tip of Indonesia’s Sumatra Wednesday afternoon, triggering fears of a devastating 2004-type tsunami across the Indian Ocean region.

Indonesia said it was checking for damage and casualties, but remarkably no such reports were received for several hours, including in Aceh, the closest province and the area decimated by the disaster eight years ago.

Pages